MARITIME ZONES UNDER TERRITORIAL WATERS

Maritime Zones: Understanding Jurisdiction Over Oceans

The world's oceans cover nearly two-thirds of the Earth's surface, with vast areas falling under national jurisdiction. However, jurisdiction is different from sovereignty—countries have specific rights in different ocean zones without full ownership. Let's break it down.

Key Maritime Zones & Jurisdiction

Territorial Sea (12 Nautical Miles)

A coastal state has full sovereignty over its territorial waters, similar to its land.
Ships from other countries have a right of innocent passage, but must follow local laws.

Contiguous Zone (24 Nautical Miles)

Extends 12 more nautical miles beyond the territorial sea.
Coastal states can enforce laws related to customs, immigration, and security to prevent illegal activities.

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) – 200 Nautical Miles

Countries do not own the EEZ but have exclusive rights to resources, such as fishing, oil drilling, and seabed exploration.
Foreign ships and businesses can pass through but cannot exploit resources without permission.

Continental Shelf – Beyond 200 Nautical Miles

Coastal states may claim rights to the seabed if the geological shelf extends beyond 200 miles.
Grants control over oil, gas, and mineral exploration under international law.

High Seas – Open for All

Waters beyond national jurisdiction are considered the "high seas", governed by international maritime law.
No single country controls these waters, but global regulations ensure safe and lawful navigation.

Why Are Maritime Zones Important for Shipping Businesses?

Navigation Rights: Understanding passage laws helps shipowners and logistics firms avoid legal troubles.

Resource Access: Companies engaged in fishing, oil extraction, and seabed mining must comply with EEZ regulations.

Dispute Resolution: Legal conflicts over maritime boundaries require expertise in Admiralty and Maritime Law.

With global trade heavily dependent on sea routes, understanding maritime jurisdiction is crucial for shipping businesses, legal experts, and investors involved in ocean-based industries.

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01 April, 2025